Cartilage, derived from shark, bovine (cow), and other animal sources, is a type of
connective tissue composed of mucopolysaccharides (including chondroitin sulfate), protein substances, calcium,
sulfur, and collagen. Collagen is one of the proteins found in most connective tissues,
including cartilage, bone, and skin. Gelatin is a form of collagen commonly used in foods, and
preliminary reports suggest that consuming gelatin can improve the structure and health of the
hair and nails.1 2 3 4 Collagen hydrolysate is
produced by enzymatically breaking down bovine gelatin to smaller protein fragments.
Where is it found?
Cartilage is derived from either sharks or cows. Collagen is derived from either cows or
chickens.
Cartilage and collagen
have been used in connection with the following conditions (refer to
the individual health concern for complete information):
Who is likely to be deficient?
Since they are not essential nutrients, neither cartilage nor collagen are associated with
deficiencies.
How much is usually taken?
Bovine cartilage is typically recommended at 3 grams three times per day. Shark cartilage
is sometimes taken in much higher amounts (e.g., 60 to 100 grams per day orally or by enema).
These amounts are based on animal and anecdotal evidence and their safety and efficacy have
not been confirmed by controlled clinical trials. Not only is toxicity information on this
amount of shark cartilage lacking, but the amount of calcium in this amount of shark cartilage
exceeds the 2 to 2.5 grams per day that is commonly considered to be the upper limit of safe
intake. Type II collagen, when used for its effects on the immune system in rheumatoid
arthritis, is used in very small amounts, from 0.02 mg to 10 mg per day. Gelatin and collagen
hydrolysate is recommended at 7 to 10 grams per day.
Are there any side effects or interactions?
Reports have suggested that some people should not use a cartilage supplement. This concern
is based only on theory, not clinical evidence. This would include those people with cardiovascular disease, women who are planning to be
or are pregnant, nursing mothers, anyone
having or having had surgery within 30 days, and
athletes training intensely. None of these concerns have been proven in clinical trials,
however. Because shark cartilage contains
calcium, people who ingest large amounts of shark cartilage (60 to 100 grams per day) may
be consuming excessive amounts of this mineral. However, no cases of calcium toxicity
resulting from the ingestion of shark cartilage have been reported.
While use of gelatin, collagen hydrolysate, or type II collagen has not resulted in any
reports of serious side effects, people with known sensitivities to chicken or beef should
consult a doctor before using them.
At the time of writing, there were no well-known drug interactions
with cartilage.
References:1. Scala J, Hollies N, Sucher KP. Effect of daily gelatin ingestion on
human scalp hair. Nutr Rep Int 1976;13:579-92.
2. Morganti P, Randazzo SD. Nutrition and hair. J Appl
Cosmetol1984;2:41-9.
3. Tyson TL. The effect of gelatin on fragile finger nails. Invest
Dermatol1950;14:323-5.
4. Rosenberg SW. Further studies in the use of gelatin in the treatment
of brittle nails.Arch Dermatol1957;76:330-5.